{"id":1630,"date":"2025-05-22T06:12:35","date_gmt":"2025-05-22T06:12:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/?p=1630"},"modified":"2025-05-22T06:12:35","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T06:12:35","slug":"what-is-a-neodymium-magnet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/cs\/what-is-a-neodymium-magnet\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je to neodymov\u00fd magnet (NdFeB)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Co je to neodymov\u00fd magnet (NdFeB)?<\/h1>\n

Hled\u00e1te nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed permanentn\u00ed magnet na sv\u011bt\u011b? Neodymov\u00e9 magnety mohou b\u00fdt odpov\u011bd\u00ed, o kter\u00e9 jste nev\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee ji pot\u0159ebujete.<\/p>\n

Neodymov\u00e9 magnety<\/span> <\/a>jsou magnety vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin vyroben\u00e9 z neodymia, \u017eeleza a boru. Maj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed magnetickou s\u00edlu ze v\u0161ech permanentn\u00edch magnet\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"neodymov\u00fd

r\u016fzn\u00e9 tvary NdFeB magnetu<\/p><\/div>\n

Tyto magnety se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u0161ude \u2013 od sluch\u00e1tek po elektrick\u00e1 auta. Jejich s\u00edla, velikost a \u00fa\u010dinnost je \u010din\u00ed nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed modern\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Co znamen\u00e1 zkratka NdFeB?<\/h2>\n

Vid\u011bli jste zkratku \u201eNdFeB\u201c na datov\u00fdch listech, ale co p\u0159esn\u011b znamen\u00e1?<\/p>\n

NdFeB znamen\u00e1 Neodym (Nd), \u017delezo (Fe) a B\u00f3r (B) \u2013 t\u0159i prvky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k v\u00fdrob\u011b t\u00e9to siln\u00e9 slitiny permanentn\u00edch magnet\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00e1zev \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u0161e<\/h3>\n

NdFeB je zkratka pro chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed t\u011bchto magnet\u016f:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Nd<\/strong> = Neodym<\/li>\n
  • Fe<\/strong> = \u017delezo<\/li>\n
  • B<\/strong> = B\u00f3r<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Tato slitina vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed krystalovou strukturu, kter\u00e1 podporuje velmi vysok\u00fd magnetick\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Vyvinula se v 80. letech jako levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativa k magnet\u016fm Samarium Cobalt (SmCo), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nab\u00edz\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pevnost.<\/p>\n

    Jak NdFeB porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 s jin\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Typ magnetu<\/th>\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 prvky<\/th>\nS\u00edla<\/th>\nCena<\/th>\nPozn\u00e1mky<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    NdFeB (Neo)<\/td>\nNeodym, \u017delezo, B\u00f3r<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/td>\n$$<\/td>\nNejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed magnetick\u00e1 s\u00edla<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SmCo<\/span><\/a><\/td>\nSamarium, Kobalt<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606<\/td>\n$$$$<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 odolnost v\u016f\u010di vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, drah\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ferrit<\/span><\/a><\/td>\nOxid \u017eeleza<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606<\/td>\n$<\/td>\nN\u00edzk\u00e1 cena, n\u00edzk\u00e1 pevnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Alnico<\/span><\/a><\/td>\nHlin\u00edk, Nikl, Kobalt<\/td>\n\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606<\/td>\n$$$<\/td>\nStabiln\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, k\u0159ehk\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    V m\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci \u010dasto doporu\u010duji NdFeB magnety, kdy\u017e z\u00e1kazn\u00edci pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edlu na mal\u00e9m prostoru. Nap\u0159\u00edklad jeden klient z odv\u011btv\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pot\u0159eboval kompaktn\u00ed, ale siln\u00fd magnet pro nositeln\u00fd senzor \u2014 zvolili NdFeB t\u0159\u00eddy N52, a fungovalo to perfektn\u011b.<\/p>\n

    <\/h2>\n

    Na co se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 neodym \u017eelezo bor?<\/h2>\n

    V\u00fdkonn\u00e9, ale kompaktn\u00ed NdFeB magnety jsou v\u0161ude v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch s vysok\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem.<\/p>\n

    Neodym \u017eelezo bor magnety se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v motorech, gener\u00e1torech, senzorech, magnetick\u00fdch svork\u00e1ch a separa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d odv\u011btv\u00edmi jako automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, elektronika a obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \"Aplikace

    pou\u017eit\u00ed NdFeB magnetu<\/p><\/div>\n

    <\/h3>\n

    Odv\u011btv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na NdFeB<\/h3>\n

    NdFeB magnety nab\u00edzej\u00ed nep\u0159ekonatelnou magnetickou s\u00edlu na jednotku hmotnosti a velikosti. Proto jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny tam, kde z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n

    Zde jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 typick\u00e9 aplikace:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Pr\u016fmysl<\/th>\nP\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl<\/td>\nElektrick\u00e9 motory, senzory ABS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Elektronika<\/td>\nReproduktory, sluch\u00e1tka, pevn\u00e9 disky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Obnoviteln\u00e1 energie<\/td>\nGener\u00e1tory v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 stroje<\/td>\nMagnetick\u00e9 separ\u00e1tory, zdvihac\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Vesm\u00edrn\u00fd pr\u016fmysl<\/td>\nSenzory, aktiv\u00e1tory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje<\/td>\nMRI, p\u0159\u00edstroje pro magnetickou terapii<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 siln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtahov\u00e9 s\u00edle m\u016f\u017ee i mal\u00fd disk NdFeB udr\u017eet mnohon\u00e1sobek sv\u00e9 v\u00e1hy. Jeden z m\u00fdch klient\u016f v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v automatick\u00fdch m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kde je rychlost a p\u0159esnost kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1. Nahradili objemn\u00e9 svorky magnety s NdFeB, \u010d\u00edm\u017e u\u0161et\u0159ili m\u00edsto a zv\u00fd\u0161ili p\u0159\u00edtahovou s\u00edlu.<\/p>\n

    <\/h2>\n

    Z \u010deho je surovina NdFeB?<\/h2>\n

    Ka\u017ed\u00fd siln\u00fd magnet za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 surovinami. Odkud poch\u00e1z\u00ed s\u00edla NdFeB?<\/p>\n

    Suroviny magnet\u016f NdFeB zahrnuj\u00ed neodym (vz\u00e1cn\u00fd zemn\u00ed prvek), \u017eelezo a bor. Tyto jsou zpracov\u00e1ny na jemn\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161ky a sintruj\u00ed se do hust\u00fdch, siln\u00fdch magnet\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \"Cena

    cena suroviny PrNd na magnety v posledn\u00edch 5 letech<\/p><\/div>\n

    Od vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin k magnetu: \u00fapln\u00fd obr\u00e1zek<\/h3>\n

    1. J\u00e1drov\u00e9 prvky<\/strong><\/h4>\n
      \n
    • Neodym (Nd):<\/strong> Vz\u00e1cn\u00fd zemn\u00ed kov t\u011b\u017een\u00fd p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, kl\u00ed\u010d k magnetick\u00e9 s\u00edle<\/li>\n
    • \u017delezo (Fe):<\/strong> Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed kov pro struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed podporu a magnetismus<\/li>\n
    • B\u00f3r (B):<\/strong> Zlep\u0161uje krystalovou strukturu a udr\u017euje stabilitu magnetu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. P\u0159\u00edsady<\/strong><\/h4>\n

      N\u011bkdy jsou p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed prvky jako dysprosium nebo terbium ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 odolnosti.<\/p>\n

      3. Proces v\u00fdroby<\/strong><\/h4>\n
        \n
      • Suroviny se tav\u00ed v vakuov\u00e9 nebo inertn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9\u0159e<\/li>\n
      • Chlad\u00ed se na slitiny ingot\u016f<\/li>\n
      • Mlet\u00ed na jemn\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek<\/li>\n
      • Zarovn\u00e1n\u00ed v magnetick\u00e9m poli<\/li>\n
      • Tla\u010d\u00ed se do tvaru a sintruje<\/li>\n
      • Ochrann\u00e9 povlaky (nap\u0159. NiCuNi, epoxid)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Krok<\/th>\nPopis<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        1<\/td>\nP\u0159\u00edprava slitiny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        2<\/td>\nJetov\u00e9 mlet\u00ed na mikronov\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        3<\/td>\nMagnetick\u00e9 zarovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        4<\/td>\nTla\u010den\u00ed a sintrov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        5<\/td>\nObr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed a povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        Pamatuji si, jak jsem nav\u0161t\u00edvil z\u00e1vod na sintrov\u00e1n\u00ed, kde vyr\u00e1b\u011bli zak\u00e1zkov\u00e9 oblouky NdFeB pro motory. P\u0159esnost a \u010distota, kterou vy\u017eadovali, byly pozoruhodn\u00e9 \u2014 jak\u00e1koli ne\u010distota by zni\u010dila d\u00e1vku. Tak n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd je tento proces.<\/p>\n

        <\/h2>\n

        Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

        Neodymov\u00e9 magnety (NdFeB) nab\u00edzej\u00ed nep\u0159ekonatelnou magnetickou s\u00edlu v kompaktn\u00edch velikostech. Jejich jedine\u010dn\u00fd slo\u017een\u00ed, v\u00fdkon a \u0161irok\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed je \u010din\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdmi pro modern\u00ed technologie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Co je to neodymov\u00fd magnet (NdFeB)? Hled\u00e1te nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed permanentn\u00ed magnet na sv\u011bt\u011b? Neodymov\u00e9 magnety mohou b\u00fdt odpov\u011bd\u00ed, kterou jste nev\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee pot\u0159ebujete. Neodymov\u00e9 magnety jsou vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 zemn\u00ed magnety vyroben\u00e9 z neodymu, \u017eeleza a boru. Maj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed magnetickou s\u00edlu ze v\u0161ech permanentn\u00edch magnet\u016f. Tyto magnety jsou [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1497,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1630","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/16536358801.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1630","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1630"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1630\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1636,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1630\/revisions\/1636"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1630"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1630"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1630"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}