{"id":1563,"date":"2025-05-09T02:39:08","date_gmt":"2025-05-09T02:39:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/?p=1563"},"modified":"2025-05-09T02:39:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T02:39:08","slug":"what-are-magnets-made-of","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/what-are-magnets-made-of\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Nhanh V\u1ec1 Nam Ch\u00e2m"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Nhanh V\u1ec1 Nam Ch\u00e2m<\/h1>\n

Nam ch\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i\u2014t\u1eeb c\u1eeda t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn turbine gi\u00f3\u2014nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u g\u00ec, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00ednh c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, niken ho\u1eb7c coban, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 h\u00fat nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Nam

Nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat kim lo\u1ea1i<\/p><\/div>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao k\u1eb9p gi\u1ea5y d\u00ednh v\u00e0o nam ch\u00e2m trong khi chi\u1ebfc nh\u1eabn v\u00e0ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nam ch\u00e2m h\u01a1n 15 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nam ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Nam ch\u00e2m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra m\u1edbi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u2014m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nam ch\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t?<\/p>\n

Nam ch\u00e2m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb magnetit, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t oxit s\u1eaft. N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1eaft trong n\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"M\u1ed9t

M\u1ed9t nam ch\u00e2m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/h3>\n

Magnetit l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb?<\/h3>\n

Magnetit (Fe\u2083O\u2084) l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 magma v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Magnetit c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb nh\u1edd c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 ion Fe\u00b2\u207a v\u00e0 Fe\u00b3\u207a. C\u00e1c electron kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00f4i trong c\u00e1c ion s\u1eaft n\u00e0y s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ee9a s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/th>\nT\u1eeb t\u00ednh?<\/th>\nT\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean?<\/th>\nGhi ch\u00fa<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Magnetit<\/td>\nC\u00f3<\/td>\nC\u00f3<\/td>\nOxide s\u1eaft t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hematit<\/td>\nNo<\/td>\nC\u00f3<\/td>\nCh\u1ee9a s\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u1eaft (kim lo\u1ea1i)<\/td>\nC\u00f3<\/td>\nNo<\/td>\nTr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nam ch\u00e2m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nam ch\u00e2m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nam ch\u00e2m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nam ch\u00e2m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb kim lo\u1ea1i ferromagnetic nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, niken, cobalt ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 neodymium ho\u1eb7c samarium. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nam ch\u00e2m.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nam ch\u00e2m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nam ch\u00e2m, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c 'th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n' ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i nam ch\u00e2m<\/th>\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh<\/th>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh<\/th>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/th>\nGi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Neodymium (NdFeB)<\/span><\/a><\/td>\nNeodymium, s\u1eaft, boron<\/td>\nR\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh<\/td>\nV\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Samari C\u00f4ban <\/a><\/span><\/td>\nSamari, coban<\/td>\nM\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/td>\nR\u1ea5t cao<\/td>\nR\u1ea5t cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alnico <\/a><\/span><\/td>\nNh\u00f4m, niken, cobalt<\/td>\nV\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ferrite (G\u1ed1m)<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nOxide s\u1eaft, bari\/strontium<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Nam ch\u00e2m neodymium \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t do s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t\u2014nh\u01b0 trong \u00f4 t\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng\u2014th\u00ec Samarium Cobalt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, ngay c\u1ea3 s\u1eaft c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nam ch\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho nam ch\u00e2m t\u1eeb t\u00ednh gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn hay \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 nam ch\u00e2m t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Nhanh V\u1ec1 Nam Ch\u00e2m Nam ch\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i\u2014t\u1eeb c\u1eeda t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn turbine gi\u00f3\u2014nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u g\u00ec, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00ednh c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? Nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, nickel ho\u1eb7c cobalt, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ee9a [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1565,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Magnets-attracting-metal.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1563","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1563"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1563\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1569,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1563\/revisions\/1569"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1563"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1563"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1563"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}