{"id":1690,"date":"2025-06-19T06:03:35","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T06:03:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/?p=1690"},"modified":"2025-09-17T07:43:02","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T07:43:02","slug":"diamagnetic-vs-paramagnetic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/diamagnetic-vs-paramagnetic\/","title":{"rendered":"Diamagnetic v\u00e0 Paramagnetic l\u00e0 g\u00ec"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e1 ph\u1ea3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb so v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e1 ph\u1ea3n t\u1eeb thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb<\/h1>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u00e0o, s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb thu\u1eadn n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00e1

\u0110\u00e1 ph\u1ea3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb so v\u1edbi \u0110\u00e1 ph\u1ea3n t\u1eeb thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb \uff08\u1ea3nh t\u1eeb ChemTalk\uff09<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

C\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u2014hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang gi\u00fap trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho nam ch\u00e2m, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u1eafn t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t hai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb. M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda n\u00f3, v\u1eadt kia di chuy\u1ec3n ra xa. Chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra?<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb thu\u1eadn b\u1ecb h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, trong khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eb9 ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb1ng sau \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3<\/h3>\n

H\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/th>\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb thu\u1eadn<\/th>\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb<\/td>\nH\u00fat nh\u1eb9<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea9y nh\u1eb9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nElectron ch\u01b0a gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00f4i (t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f2ng)<\/td>\nElectron \u0111\u00e3 gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00f4i (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f2ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb<\/td>\nGi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y t\u1eeb<\/td>\nNh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n\u00c2m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb t\u00ednh?<\/td>\nNo<\/td>\nNo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/td>\nNh\u00f4m, titan, oxy<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed3ng, bismuth, th\u1ea1ch anh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1eeb, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3ng (\u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i) khi h\u1ecd mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb\u2014cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn t\u1eeb thay v\u00ec khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Trong hai lo\u1ea1i, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb h\u01a1n, paramagnetic hay diamagnetic?<\/h2>\n

N\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh hai lo\u1ea1i, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u \u201ct\u1eeb t\u00ednh\u201d h\u01a1n?<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u paramagnetic c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb cao h\u01a1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u diamagnetic v\u00ec ch\u00fang b\u1ecb h\u00fat b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, trong khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u diamagnetic b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra.<\/strong><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u paramagnetic c\u00f3 electron kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9p c\u1eb7p, ch\u00fang c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh theo c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb\u2014d\u00f9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecf. H\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 MRI v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u diamagnetic, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea9y ra. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2014ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1eafn t\u1eeb v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
H\u00e0nh vi<\/th>\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb thu\u1eadn<\/th>\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y t\u1eeb<\/td>\n~10\u207b\u2075 \u0111\u1ebfn 10\u207b\u00b3<\/td>\n~-10\u207b\u2076 \u0111\u1ebfn -10\u207b\u2075<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nC\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nCh\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nKhu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb<\/td>\nCh\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nCh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n MRI, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\nL\u01a1 l\u1eedng t\u1eeb, ch\u1eafn t\u1eeb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng thau (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n t\u1eeb) sang nh\u00f4m (h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1eddng tinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u00ean 12%.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea9y xa kh\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb; v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb b\u1ecb k\u00e9o nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1eafn, v\u1eadt kia t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh diamagnetic so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh paramagnetic B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u00e0o, s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra xa. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh diamagnetic v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh paramagnetic n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1691,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Xnip2025-06-19_13-47-31.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1690","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1690"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1690\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2815,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1690\/revisions\/2815"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1690"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1690"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1690"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}