{"id":2038,"date":"2025-08-28T04:21:29","date_gmt":"2025-08-28T04:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/?p=2038"},"modified":"2025-08-28T04:35:44","modified_gmt":"2025-08-28T04:35:44","slug":"the-laws-of-magnetism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/the-laws-of-magnetism\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c Nguy\u00ean T\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ecbnh Lu\u1eadt T\u1eeb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h2>\n<p><strong>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb, l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c l\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch\u2014ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 electron\u2014trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. N\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 khi\u1ebfn nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat s\u1eaft v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m hai nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea9y nhau.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a electron quanh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Khi \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u electron trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n \u201cc\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn\u201d khi hai nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat nhau ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhau.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nam ch\u00e2m<\/h3>\n<p>Nam ch\u00e2m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nam ch\u00e2m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00f3 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m, l\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c magnet h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nam ch\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> \u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y, th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea5n quanh m\u1ed9t l\u00f5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh theo th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Bao g\u1ed3m nam ch\u00e2m neodymium, ferrite v\u00e0 samarium-cobalt. <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong><em>(T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 <a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/what-is-permanent-magnetism%ef%bc%9f\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a> t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.)<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 L\u1ef1c t\u1eeb<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed7i nam ch\u00e2m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb\u2014m\u1ed9t \u201cv\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh xung quanh n\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nam ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu d\u1ea7n theo kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>K\u00e9o<\/strong> m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, cobalt v\u00e0 niken l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c h\u00fat<\/strong> m\u1ed9t nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c nam c\u1ee7a nam ch\u00e2m. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fundamental_Laws_of_Magnetism_4b0yH4Lfu.webp\" alt=\"C\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nam ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhanh, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea7u c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb<\/h3>\n<p>Nam ch\u00e2m c\u00f3 hai c\u1ef1c \u2014 c\u1ef1c b\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c nam. <strong>Hai c\u1ef1c tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u h\u00fat nhau, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea9y nhau<\/strong>. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea9y hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nam ch\u00e2m th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o nhau \u2014 ch\u00fang kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1. L\u1eadt m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang d\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nhau. Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho la b\u00e0n t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a L\u1ef1c t\u1eeb<\/h3>\n<p>L\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nam ch\u00e2m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o <strong>s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/strong> gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. C\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh, l\u1ef1c h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc nam ch\u00e2m \u201cb\u00e1m\u201d l\u1ea5y d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kim lo\u1ea1i khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n. L\u1ef1c t\u1eeb lu\u00f4n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 <strong>c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c t\u1eeb<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nam ch\u00e2m. Ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c Nam b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nam ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1eaft nhau. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n nhau, tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh s\u1eaft v\u1ee5n quanh m\u1ed9t thanh nam ch\u00e2m cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh d\u1ec5 quan s\u00e1t \u2014 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh s\u1eaft x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u201ctr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau. Khi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2014 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 <strong>\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 <strong>v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eaft t\u1eeb<\/strong>, r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb v\u00e0 C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ba nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ferromagnet<\/strong> \u2013 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh. S\u1eaft, niken, cobalt v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1eeb h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1eeb v\u00ec c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a tr\u00ean ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb paramagnetic<\/strong> \u2013 Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch kim thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u diamagnet<\/strong> \u2013 Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 bismuth l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cphi t\u1eeb\u201d, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eb9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 h\u00fat\/\u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau cho t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn \u2014 th\u00e9p ferromagnetic c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao cho m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, h\u1ee3p kim paramagnetic nh\u1eb9 cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i diamagnetic kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 che ch\u1eafn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Practical_Applications_of_Magnetism_IpSikTzk6.webp\" alt=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng\" \/><\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u2014 c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb, l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u2014 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, loa, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m thanh. T\u1eeb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng<\/h3>\n<p>Bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, l\u00e0m cho truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng qua kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 thi. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00f5i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>\u1ed4 c\u1ee9ng, b\u0103ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb h\u00f3a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p>M\u00e1y MRI s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nam ch\u00e2m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/h3>\n<p>Tuabin gi\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu l\u1edbn b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb trong NBAEM<\/h3>\n<p>NBAEM cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb, NBAEM \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u2014 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u00f4 t\u00f4, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m NBAEM<\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ea1i NBAEM, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u2014 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong t\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a <strong>\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb (\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn. Trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb trong khi gi\u1eef t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tuabin gi\u00f3:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 cao.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u00f4 t\u00f4:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nam ch\u00e2m h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb MRI:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch <strong>nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nam ch\u00e2m sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2014 t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2014 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00fang. H\u00e3y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Huy\u1ec1n Tho\u1ea1i 1: Nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb neodymium ho\u1eb7c ferrite, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 y\u1ebfu \u0111i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Huy\u1ec1n Tho\u1ea1i 2: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb l\u00e0 \u201cma thu\u1eadt\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2014nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadt c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb.<\/li>\n<li>L\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec si\u00eau nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Huy\u1ec1n Tho\u1ea1i 3: B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nam ch\u00e2m<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2014ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ferromagnetic nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, niken, cobalt v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim\u2014m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nam ch\u00e2m h\u00f3a. Nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Huy\u1ec1n Tho\u1ea1i 4: Nam ch\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qua b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u phi t\u1eeb, nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd y\u1ebfu \u0111i theo kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p d\u00e0y) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Huy\u1ec1n Tho\u1ea1i 5: Nam ch\u00e2m k\u00e9o v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb xa<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> Lu\u1eadt l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh gi\u1ea3m nhanh khi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t nam ch\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1edd l\u00ea c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t inch s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n\u2014d\u00f9 l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hay \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/h3>\n<p>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. M\u1ed7i electron c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf v\u00ec n\u00f3 quay v\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o quanh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau l\u1eabn nhau. Trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, niken, cobalt, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nam ch\u00e2m t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, cobalt v\u00e0 niken. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nam ch\u00e2m h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<h3>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>: Khi b\u1ecb nung n\u00f3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Curie), nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1c electron s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ea1nh<\/strong>: L\u00e0m m\u00e1t nam ch\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap n\u00f3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 gi\u00f2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Nam ch\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh theo th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 tr\u1eeb khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>Nam ch\u00e2m b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb m\u1ea1nh\u2014nh\u01b0 trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y MRI\u2014c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u1ea1o nh\u1ecbp tim, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u00e0 nam ch\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/strong>: Lu\u00f4n t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nam ch\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua ch\u00fang; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eaft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3. Qu\u1ea5n d\u00e2y c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n quanh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111inh s\u1eaft v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nam ch\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng cao, nam ch\u00e2m c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh\u2014ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a NBAEM v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft trong ng\u00e0nh<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2035,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fundamental_Laws_of_Magnetism_4b0yH4Lfu.webp","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2038","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2038"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2038\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2040,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2038\/revisions\/2040"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2035"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2038"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2038"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbaem.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2038"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}